Friday, February 26, 2010

Corruptive Power.

Power is capable of becoming corrupt. Power mostly begins as corrupt, because those who wanted power in the first place are corrupt individuals. If you have power, you need to have responsibility. With great power, comes great responsibility. You are responsible for running a particular country, government, or group. When you abuse your authority that is when power becomes corrupt. You can abuse your supremacy by creating a mass superior race, and murdering all those who do not fit your standard. This is what Adolf Hitler did. In today’s world, people feel they can rise to power because of the freedoms we now have. It is hard to suppress the smart, corrupt individuals who strive to be in control.
Adolf Hitler is a great example of how power can be corrupt. Adolf Hitler rose to power because he had military background and strong will. Several factors contribute to the qualities that a person has to possess in order to become powerful and uphold a powerful position. Military power is one of the strongest powers in the world. People with military training know how to be tough, and ferocious. If a wrong idea is sparked into their heads, corruption can occur. This ultimately leads a person to use their strength and power for the completely wrong reasons. Adolf Hitler was a dictator that restrained his people by making them live in fear. One thing we wonder is what if Adolf Hitler didn’t become corrupt? Would he not have thought that he was superior to everyone else? Would he not have displayed genocide and killed all the people that he did? Probably, but corruption has a beginning and an end. Power can either take the road leading to corruption or the high road to demonstrate humane power.
In contrast, Alexander the Great is a core example of how power did not corrupt. He had his mind set on conquering the world. Alexander’s father was murdered by the Persians. This sparked his revenge and he began the journey to conquer the world as he knew it. Alexander travels through Troy and ends up at Gordian, where he cuts the foolproof knot. Alexander becomes valued as a king. The Egyptians saw him as a god because Alexander’s main goal was to destroy the Persians. Alexander the Great felt it was his job to kill the Persians for murdering his father. This shows a little bit of evidence of corrupt power, but it’s more of a moral fixation. Alexander was doing the “good” thing, for the “wrong” reason. Continuing his journey, he journeys to Persepolis, the ancient capital of Persia. This is where Alexander fights Darius at Issus. Darius is deceived by own his men and hands over the land of Persia to Alexander on his last breaths. In due course, Alexander the Great conquered much of what he set out to do. He wanted to triumph over all and rule the world. He did just that with barely any corruption at all.
Ultimately, Alexander’s power did not corrupt. Anyone really has the ability to become powerful. What they choose to do with that power is what worries the people of the world. Take the United States president for example, or the Queen of England. So far they have humanely ruled but in a short amount of time that could all change. The President could abuse his power and become a dictator, and the Queen of England could order all non-British born people to be executed. We as humans should hope to uphold a peaceful world where power is never corrupt. Although power has been corrupt or is corrupt now, we should strive for the future to be corrupt free.

Thursday, February 25, 2010

Leaders.

A leader is someone who guides or directs other people. The opposite of a leader would be a follower. What compels someone to lead others? Someone who wants power or glory will step up and take the lead. Leaders want to have people below them. Some leaders want others below them, because they believe they are momentous. They want to set good examples. Other leaders want people beneath them so they can feel supreme and be a tormenter. Alexander the Great was the kind of leader who wanted to conquer the world to feel "great". He wanted to leave behind a properous nation. Sometimes, the biggest challenge is finding someone capable of filling the great leader's shoes once they are gone.


Wednesday, February 24, 2010

Greek god: DIONYSUS

Tuesday, February 23, 2010

Alexander the Great: Good Listener?

I think Alexander did not listen carefully to his teacher, Aristotle. Aristotle was a man of deep thought. Today, he is one of the most influencial thinkers. He liked logic and science. Alexander was mainly interested in ways he could conquer the world. Alexander wasn't interested in learning about logic or scientific matters. Maybe if Aristotle told Alexander things about military tactics, or taught him how to fight in battle then maybe Alexander would have listened. They became great friends, but Alexander did not learn many educational things from Aristotle.


Image from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Alessandro_Magno_(firmata_Menas)_-_sec._III_a.C._-_da_Magnesia_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006_b-n.jpg

Monday, February 22, 2010

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle: Greek Men of Excellence.



Socrates




Socrates was a philosopher who lived from 469 BC to 399 BC. He wrote nothing down but was considering as one of the most important philosophers who changed the way people concieved philosophy. He fought in the Peloponnesian War for Athens. The philosophy he left behind after his death, has influenced humans of every age.



Plato


Plato lived from 429 BC to 347 BC. He was one of the most incredible writers in Western literature. He was an Athenian citizen of high status. Plato was also a bit of a philospher.




Aristotle
Aristotle lived from 384 BC to 322 BC. He lived in Stagira in northern Greece. He was a Greek philosopher, logician, and scientist. His teacher was Plato. Aristotle is regarded as one of the most influential thinkers in the field of philosophy. He tutored Alexander the Great.






Citation:
1. Socrates - "Socrates". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2009. Standford University. 23 Feb 2010. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/socrates/#2

2. Plato - "Plato". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2009 Stanford University. 23 Feb 2010. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato/
3. Arsistotle - "Aristotle's Political Theory". 2002. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford Univeristy. 23 Feb 2010. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-politics/

Friday, February 19, 2010

Symbols of the Olympics: Past and Present


The Olympics began in Greece around the year 776 BC. They have been around since ancient times and continue today in the modern world. There are several symbols in the Olympics that have unique significance. There were symbols in ancient times and now there are new, original symbols of the current games. The ancient games’ symbols were more based on religion and their gods and goddesses. Today, the games are based on more of unity and good sportsmanship.
The ancient Olympic Games in Greece were as much of as much of a religious festival as an athletic event. The games had a high emphasis on the Gods. The athletes who competed in the events believed that they were dedicating their efforts to the Gods. The games were held specifically for the main god of Greece, Zeus. The games were held at Olympia which was where the Gods were believed to reside. Throughout the games numerous religious ceremonies were held for the Gods. In the games that took place in the middle of the day, one hundred oxen would be sacrificed to Zeus (Wikipedia). Before the start of the games, every athlete had to say an oath that they would do their most excellent and respect the other countries and fighters. The ancient Greeks came up with the idea that the games should be divided in four year intervals. The time in between the games was known as the Olympiad.
One symbol involved in the Olympic Games was a massive statue of Zeus that was made of ivory and gold. It stood around forty two feet tall and was regarded as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. The act of giving the winner an award also came from Greek mythology. It was said that three Greek gods, Herakles and his two brothers, raced around Olympus and the winner was giving an olive wreath (Wikipedia). During the Olympics, athletes from all the city states would come to Mt. Olympus to compete against each other in the games which fueled the games. Politics were also involved. Ancient Greece was very violent because all the city states would fiercely compete for the limited resources. The city states were in close proximity to one another and were almost in constant war. During the Olympics, the entire country would go into a truce where all the fighting would stop.
In the ancient and present Olympics, the Olympics represent unity amongst everyone. That is the main symbolic object that has held true. The ancient athletes sought to bring back publicity and honor to their city state, much like the athletes in today’s Olympics compete for fame and hope to bring honor to their home countries. In Greece, only Greek speaking men were allowed to participate in the games which made any man who fought in the Olympics a symbol of wealth and Greek culture. The athletes had to have their names written down on a list and make an oath to Zeus that he would train for ten months. The Olympics were a symbol of hard work for everyone who participated in them. The same concept is held accurate today. The Olympic Games have come a long way since those in ancient Greece, but some of the traditions and ceremonies left behind from them are still in effect today.
The Olympic symbols that are seen throughout the games today, are just as important of those in the past. The Olympic motto is “Citius—Altius—Fortius”. This means faster, higher, stronger (The Olympic Museum). The motto was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin, father of the Modern Olympics, in 1894 (Ross). The main symbol that is recognized all over the world are the Olympic rings. The rings are to symbolize the five different occupant continents with no solitary color for a certain country. North and South America are included as one. The interlocking rings also symbolize that the Olympic Games are universal and convey athletes from the entire world to compete (The Olympic Museum). Another symbol is the flag, “The Olympic flag places the Olympic rings on a white background. As every national flag in the world contains at least one of the flag's six colors (black, blue, green, red, yellow, white), this further symbolizes the universality of the Olympics.” (Ross). The Olympics Anthem is sung when the Olympic flag is being raised.
The Olympic flame is lit in front of the Temple of Hera symbolically connecting the Modern Olympics to the Ancient Olympics (Ross). Another famous symbol is the Olympic torch. The flame can only be lit by the sun’s rays (The Olympic Museum). The torch is carried from the Temple of Hera to the site of the Olympics by a relay of runners. The torch lights an Olympic cauldron which stays lit until the end of the Closing Ceremonies. After the cauldron is lit, doves are released to symbolize peace. In the winter Olympics white balloons are released instead of the doves, so that the birds do not expire in the winter weather. “The Olympic Oath is taken by one athlete and one judge from the home nation during the Opening Ceremony of every Olympics, acting on behalf of all the competitors and judges while holding a corner of the Olympic flag”. The Oath is to declare that the athletes are not taking drugs and will abide by the rules and be good sportsmen (Ross).
The values of excellence, friendship and respect are the foundation upon which the Olympics’ brings together sport, culture and education for the betterment of human beings. The value of excellence is to give ones best on the playing field and in life. It is not about winning but about participating, making progress in personal goals, and striving to do our best in our daily lives The value of friendship is to build a peaceful and better world thanks to sport through, solidarity, team spirit, joy and optimism. Consider the sport as a tool for understanding among the individual and peoples regardless of their differences. The value of respect is to respect oneself, one’s body, others, the environment, and the rules and regulations. In the sport respect fair play and fight against drugs or unethical behavior (The Olympic Museum).


Citation:
Ross, Shmuel. "Modern Olympic Symbols and Traditions". infoplease. 2/18/10 .
"The Olympic Symbols". The Olympic Museum. 2/18/10 .
"Ancient Olympic Games -." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 19 Feb. 2010. .



image from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_Rings.svg


Thursday, February 18, 2010

The Duel of Olympics: Ancient vs. Modern

The Olympic games orginally started in Greece, in the year 776 BC. The place where the games take place changes every time. This year, the 2010 winter olympics are in Vancouver. In the first 13 olympics, there was only one core event: the stadion race. Today, there are several sports. The winter olympics now include alpine skiing, biathlon, bobsleigh, cross-country skiing, curling, figure skating, freestyle skiing, ice hockey, luge, nordic combined, short track speed skating, skeleton, ski jumping, snowboard, and speed skating. The summer olympics include archery, basketball, football, gymnastics, swimming, tennis, water polo, weightlifting, etc. Religion and politics prevaded the ancient olympics. Greeks competed in the games naked, and women could not participate. Today, men and women can participate if they quailify. Fancy uniforms are worn by teams by all countries. The olympics still display great athletes and impeccable sportsmanship.


Image from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_rings.svg


Citation: Instone, Stephen Dr. "The Olympics: Ancient versus Modern". BBC. 2009. 12 Feb. 2010. http://ow.ly/156BA

"Olympic Sports". The Vancouver Organizing Committee. 2010. 12 Feb. 2010. http://www.vancouver2010.com/

Tuesday, February 16, 2010

Athenian Theatre.


Athenian theatre was based around political and military power in the 550 BC to 220 BC period. It was also based on religion, granted that theatre was originally used as an offering to the Greek god, Dionysus, the god of fertility and wine. The actors were people who respected religion and political affairs. The entire theatre was initially built to hold religious ceremonies. Special seating was arranged for important guests such as priests and substantial political figures. This is evidence that Athenian theatre was tied to both religion and politics.


Citation: Philips, K. "Ancient Greek Stage". 3/29/00. Rich East High School. 17 Feb 2010. http://www.richeast.org/htwm/Greeks/theatre/stage.html

Monday, February 15, 2010

Athens: A 'Democracy'?

Athens showed evidence of being both a democracy and not a democracy. The Athenian government did have its flaws.They were a democracy, but their deficiencies deprived them of more power. A small percentage of the population could vote and these people were only noblemen who were over thirty years old. Women held no power in Athenian government. If a speaker became too powerful, the Assembly could throw them out of the country. Athens was one of the only city states who had a somewhat stable government.

Image from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caryatids_of_Erechtheum3.jpg

Citation: David, Johnson. "Lecture 10: The beginnings of democracy". 1999. Southern Illinois University. 17 Feb 2010. http://languages.siuc.edu/classics/Johnson/HTML/L10.html
"Sparta vs Athens". 1996-2010. Oakwood Mgt. 17 Feb 2010. http://www.studyworld.com/newsite/reportessay/History/European%5CSparta_Vs_Athens.htm

Sunday, February 14, 2010

Notes on Athens:

  • The city was based entirely around the acropolis
  • Acropolis - acrop= high polis=city
  • Xerxes - son of king or persia
  • A quarter of population of Greece lives in Athens.
  • At the base of acropolis is the grove of Dionysus
  • Leads into theatre of Dionysus, in back of grove
  • Play wrights were forced to write an a trilogy and a comedy
  • Trigordeous (tragedies) and comedios (comedies)= subjects of plays, human interest
  • At the top of the acropolis, sat the Temple of Athena Nike
  • Built after Persian war, built because Athena was goddess of Athens and they beat the Persians
  • Most important temple on the acropolis was the Parthenon
  • Began being built in 480
  • Was built with funds that Athenians got as a result of Persian War
  • Dedicated to virgin Athena
  • Pericles, prominent and influential general
  • Wanted to get all city-states in Greece as one
  • What to do with war funds that came in from the Persians; wanted to build a Navy
  • Opens up the arts; sets up new building on acropolis
  • You had to fight for your city. There was no other option.
  • Athens defeat Sparta in 480 B.C. 10 miles from port to city
  • Built long walls all the way from harbor to city
  • Athenians are trapped in their own walls, the plague breaks out, and Pericles dies
  • vandalism was seen across the city of Athens
  • Alcibiades' enemies convinced everyone that it was his fault
  • He gets on a boat and goes to Sparta
MAJOR GREEK HISTORIANS:
  • Herodotus - wrote the 1st half of Greek History. He wrote about the Persian Wars.
  • Thucydides - wrote the 2nd half of Greek History. Peloponnese Wars.
  • Xenophon - wrote about the times of Socrates.
  • Aristotle - known for this work of philosophy and history. Wrote one of the first encyclopedia.
  • Plutarch - known for his biographies
  • Pausanias - wrote the first travel guide!

  • Bosphorus - the Istanbul Straight. located in Northern Turkey.
  • Thessalonkia - ANCIENT MACEDONIA. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Greece)
  • Greeks rebuilt the Acropolis. They wanted to be in charge, they built a treasury to gain money to rebuild the acropolis. One wall was rebuilt from broken pieces from the sack of athens. IT WAS A HISTORICAL REMEMBRANCE.
  • GROVE OF DIONYSUS. (see prezi on dionysus) ART AND WINE. Theater.
  • theater and religion and history have very strong links.
  • sack of Corinth - 146 BC Roman Theater was put into the acropolis when Roman occupied Athens. NIKE MEANS VICTORY.
  • PARTHENOS means virgin. Athena Temple was the most scared temple in greece. Funds that built this Parthenon were from the Athenian League.

Friday, February 5, 2010

What is "Important"?

What is important? For an optimist, everything is important. For a pessimist, nothing is imperative. In terms of history, everything that has shaped our future withstands some sort of importance. If nothing was considered vital or crucial, the world would go to wrack and ruin as we know it. The ancient Egyptians saw the world in a perspective that gave meaning to every aspect of life and death. For the most part, the things that the Egyptians held up on a pedestal, theoretically speaking, were Pharaohs, gods and goddesses, afterlife and death, slaves, Nile River, monumental structures, mortuary cities, and a form of communication.
To begin with, a lot of city-states along the Nile River began to form under one rule; the rule of the Pharaoh. The pharaoh was a sacred being and was thought to be the incarnation of Horus in life and Osiris in death (F. Fleming & A. Lothian, 12 & 59). This concept was probably the most important because every facet of life was dictated by the Pharaoh. The Pharaoh had all the supremacy. Entire cities, known as mortuary cities, were established to be a complete and separate economy dedicated to building a monumental structure most likely in the form of a pyramid to honor the Pharaoh after his death.
While still worshiping the Pharaoh, the Egyptians worshiped many gods. There religious view was polytheistic. The polytheistic system was very complex, as some deities were believed to exist in many different manifestations, and some has multiple mythological roles (Wilkinson (2003) 30, 32). This polytheistic way of veneration was of great magnitude to the Egyptians because more often than not, civilizations based their society on a set of an orderly religious system. The gods and goddesses the people of Egypt worshiped were the reason they mummified their dead, had fertile land, and had strong, influential rulers.
The afterlife for Egyptians was just as significant as life. Man was regarded as a complex being that could exist both before and after death in different manifestations, known as kheperu (“The Concept of the Afterlife”). For this reason, the Egyptian people dissected their dead and preserved them as mummies. The departed bodies were embalmed so excellent, that medicine and embalmment were also important to the Egyptians. The concept of the afterlife was tied together with religion which made those two perceptions even better together. The Egyptians believed that death occurred when Ka left the physically body (Oakes (2003) 162). The Ka of a deceased person would eventually find its way into another physical being. This is commonly known as reincarnation.
Slaves were important to the entire country of Egypt because the slaves aided in the building of the pyramids for the pharaoh. Most of the slaves of Egypt were prisoners of war. Indeed, there were laborers who were not prisoners of war. They could have given the impression of being a slave. Considering their apparent permanent attachment to the land and their master, they were almost certainly a form of slave (Dunn). These workers created an entire ecosystem based on the work they dedicated there whole life to.
The Nile River was the reason all life was sustained in Egypt. Water is not necessary for life, but rather life itself (De Saint-Exupery). The Nile was the most important source of water that supplied the Egyptian people. The Nile River’s annual inundation was relatively reliable, and the floodplain and delta were extremely fertile. Egyptian agriculture was the most secure and productive in the near East (Baines). The prominent crops that the fertile soil of the Nile riverbeds could produce were cereals, emmer wheat, and barley. Other vital crops were flax and papyrus. The Nile River served as the leading supply of water; therefore its waters were praised and sacred.
Monumental Structures such as pyramids and temples were important to the Egyptians because they housed and valued Egypt’s Pharaohs. The pyramids and temples also showed evidence of mathematical and architectural importance. The Great Pyramid at Giza was aligned with amazing accuracy almost exactly to true north (Tyldesley). This shows that the Egyptians held every aspect of math and astrology of an important knowledge to possess. The intriguing fact of the pyramids is that they were not just built by slaves, but were in fact built by permanent workers. These workers dedicated their entire lives to building a pyramid or other monumental structure. Consequently, monumental structures were of high importance of the ancient Egyptian world.
Mortuary cities would be connected to monumental structures in a way that would make both of them equal importance. The cities were built because of the monumental structures. These mortuary cities were important because they were a way of life that the Egyptians could live by. The people that worked and lived in these cities were part of the Pharaoh’s mortuary cult (Warren). Complete economies were built for a purpose. This purpose was to serve the ruler, and oblige with all his requests. If he wanted a pyramid, a pyramid in his admiration was what he received. Mortuary cities were important because it gave meaning to life. They gave Egyptians work, trust, and order.
What was the Egyptians’ way of communication? Did they even care about having a way to communicate to others? Yes, they cared and writing was vital to the advancement and progression of their ancient society. The Egyptians wrote in Hieroglyphics. Archaeologists suspected that hieroglyphs were nothing more than primitive picture writing. They believed that their decipherment relied on an exact translation of the imagery that they saw. These elaborate symbols were ideal for inscriptions on the walls of majestic temples and monuments (Singh). Hieroglyphics were phonetic. This means that the symbols and pictures represented individual sounds much like the English alphabet today. Hieroglyphics were used to decipher Pharaoh’s names and gods and goddesses. Those two things were important to Egyptians. Language and specific dialect, unites certain groups of people. It shows distinction between societies and civilizations. For that reason, the Egyptians thought of Hieroglyphics as a well-regarded form of writing.
Every aspect of life and death are important. It is just up to humanity to choose which of those aspects are worth honouring more than the others.



Citation: Tyldesley, Joyce. "Ancient Egypt and the Modern World". 2009. BBC.co.uk 4 Feb. 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/egypt_importance_01.shtml

Singh, Simon. "The Decipherment of Hieroglyphs". 2009 BBC.co.uk. 4 Feb. 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/decipherment_01.shtml

Thursday, February 4, 2010

Mistifying Maryland Monuments.


There are historical monuments in the Maryland and Washington, D.C. area that outsiders would find puzzling if they were to see them. These monuments include the Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, and the Phoenix Shot Tower. Outsiders would not understand what a tall, large white pillar is a symbol for. It is a symbol of honor for George Washington, our country's first president. The Lincoln Memorial would have no meaning unless a person knew who Abraham Lincoln was. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the US. His life ended when he was tragically assassinated. The Phoenix Shot Tower is puzzling at first glance because it seems to serve no purpose. In fact, its purpose was to create "shots" for pistols and other weapons.



Citation: "Washington DC Landmarks and Washington DC Monuments". Washington Landmarks and Monuments - World Guide to Washington. 2010. 4 Feb. 2010. http://www.washington.world-guides.com/washington_landmarks.html

Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Notes on Egypt:

Egypt: What is Important?

  • Monumental structures.
  • Writing
  • Pharaohs
  • Gods and goddesses
  • The afterlife
  • Slaves
  • Nile river - flooding of the river. fertilizes the land , necessary for living.
  • Sphinx, protector of the pharaoh.
  • Mortuary cities
  • Ankh - the symbol of eternal life.
  • The Feather of MAAT. This is what the heart was weighed against
  • Ka - The god who judged you when you died.

Tuesday, February 2, 2010

War is a form of technology, Agree!

War is a form of technology. I agree with this statement for a numerous amount of reasons. War and technology are evidently used together in some way. Technology does not make war, it only advances it. Technology is thought to make battle and warfare more complex. Threats of nuclear power are coming into play today. Nuclear power is a power that was not even imaginable in the times of Spartan warfare or Roman domination. "Technology has been the primary source of military innovation throughout history." (Roland Vol. 14) Before the twentieth century, airplanes and helicopters were not thought of to be used for war. In 2010, warfare has improved itself so much to include all of these examples. I'm anxious to see what the future has instore for improving warfare.





Citation: Ronald, Alex. "War and technology". Foreign Policy Research Institute. 2010. http://www.fpri.org/footnotes/1402.200902.roland.wartechnology.html 2 Feb. 2010.

Human-Created Artifact: The Great Wall of China.

The Great Wall of China matters, because it is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. It is the only man-made structure that can be seen from space. The Great Wall is obviously the world's longest construction. This is important to me because it shows how my human race is capable of creating wonderous structures. The most evident thing to assume is that the wall was built for military defense and war purposes. In fact, it was built to ensure peace and connectedness between the Chinese people. The Great Wall is connected to the culture, foreign policies, and economy of China. Although, it does indeed stand for some sort of power. A unbeatable strong power, that is. The Wall also matters because it is a incredible represenation of Chinese history. Surviving more than 2,000 years, The Great Wall, in a way, is the history of China. These facts make it a human-created artifact that is worth cherishing and regarding it as a structure with a purpose.



Image from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Great_Wall_of_China_01.jpg

Citation: "Great Wall". 2009. great-wall-of-china.com. http://www.greatwall-of-china.com/ 2 Feb. 2010.

Monday, February 1, 2010

Pixton: Pyramids




Citation: "Explore the Pyramids." 2009. National Geographic Society. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/pyramids/pyramids.html 1 Feb. 2010.

- Shaw, Ian. "Building the Great Pyramid". 2009. BBC.co.uk. 1 Feb. 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/great_pyramid_01.shtml